PURIFICATION OF SEWAGES GALVANIC PRODUCTIONS: ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Анотація

There is an urgent need for copper in Ukraine, which is used in various industries: electrical engineering,
mechanical engineering, construction, food and chemical industries. Meanwhile, there is insufficient exploration of
copper ores in Ukraine. At the same time, galvanic and PCB manufacturing are sources of environmental hazard.
The object of the study is the process of using copper from sewage production boards and electroplating processes.
The purpose of the work is environmental and economic justification for the removal of copper from wastewater for
its further use. The aspects of mining (copper) in a mine and open method are described. The data on explored
reserves of copper ores in Ukraine and real needs for copper for the successful operation of industrial enterprises
are presented. The condition with the presence of sludge during the work of the etching lines of the printed circuit
boards during normal operation at full capacity is considered, and it is established that for the productivity of the
etching line 14 m2 / h the amount of sludges per month of work in one shift will be about 2400-2500 kg. This leads
to the accumulation of significant amounts of hazardous waste on the territories of enterprises, which cause
environmental damage. In order to avoid the accumulation of sludge on the territory of the enterprises it is proposed
to use the technology of regeneration of waste digestion solutions, in which the recovered metal is used as secondary
raw material for copper production, and the recovered solution is reused for etching of printed circuit boards. The
scheme of the line of etching of printed circuit boards with a lead for regeneration is offered. The introduction of a
new wastewater treatment technology with only one plant can bring more than 2.8 million UAH of economic effect.
The total sludge hazard index for the current state of sludge storage in the territory of enterprises (0.045) and after
the implementation of wastewater recovery (100) has been determined.