GLOBAL TRENDS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND FEATURES OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION DURING THE RECOVERY OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY

Abstract

The world trends in the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) and the peculiarities of their implementation during the recovery of the economy of Ukraine are considered.

It is shown that the world energy sector is undergoing a fundamental transformation, therefore it is necessary to develop a new energy security paradigm that will ensure reliability and availability while simultaneously reducing emissions, and green energy is an unconditional global trend of the coming decades. It has been determined that diversifying our energy supply by investing in RES is one of the promising ways to protect ourselves from the risks of energy dependence. The state and effectiveness of RES use at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century is analysed (according to the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century and The International Renewable Energy Agency).

Consolidated energy and climate statistics for 2021 according to the document World Energy & Climate Statistics - Yearbook 2022 (World energy and climate statistics - yearbook 2022) are provided, comparing statistical data of individual countries and Ukraine. The analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of various types of RES at the level of world markets and Ukraine for the period 2010–2021 and 2020–2021 was evaluated using the average estimated cost of electricity production throughout the life cycle of these power plants (LCOE).

When considering the European policy in the field of RES and energy efficiency, the schedule of the development of renewable energy in the EU and the characteristics of the REPowerEU plan, developed by the European Commission, are presented, which outlines the course for reducing the consumption of oil and gas in general, as well as the introduction and use of "green" energy sources. A detailed description of the development of renewable energy in Ukraine in 2020-2021, as well as world trends in RES, which will affect the reconstruction of the Ukrainian economy, is provided. The impact of the full-scale war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine on the operation of renewable energy in Ukraine is shown, the main directions of the recovery of our country in the post-war period with the use of RES are highlighted.