DANGERS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES DURING PRODUCTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON POLYAMIDES

Abstract

In the article were considered dangers that arise up during production and processing of polymeric materials. Actuality of theme is related to that nowadays production of polymeric materials occupies one of the leading places in chemical and petrochemical industry. With the aim of improvement operating properties of polymeric materials will be added to their composition different additives (curing agents, plasticizers, catalysts, greases, stabilizators and other auxiliary substances) or fillers (particles, or fibres of different sizes and forms). Such approach allows considerably improve physico-mechanical and tribological characteristics of PM, however additives, fillers and polymers in the moment of their processing can have bad influence on the human body. Character of unfavorable action of synthesis products of PM on the human body is in the first turn determined by toxicity of monomers that are used for their producing. Plasticizers can be the reason of poisoning, as additives are toxic, and their operating on the organism can be even more expressed, than polymer’s one. Both the production of polymeric materials and their processing in products, accompanied by liberation in the air of working zone gaseous substances and dust, various by the nature of action, would cause to different changes in the organism of workers, depending on their concentration and duration of influence. The range of these violations is wide enough - from the changes of separate indexes of homoeostasis to development of serious and chronic intoxications and diseases, the clinical displays of that depend on predominance of those or other components that are used for the production of polymeric materials and processing products therefrom. As monomers are the basic components of these materials, so exactly from character of their operating on the organism and depends clinical presentation of professional pathology, that will progressed of workers. To avoid a traumatism, negative influence on health and professional morbidity is possible by sticking technologies of production of polymeric materials and technicians of safety, that are considered in this article.